Happiness Lessons of The Ancients: Aristotle

In the 'Happiness Lessons of The Ancients: Aristotle' episode of 'The Happiness Lab with Dr. Laurie Santos', Dr. Santos explores the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle's insights on happiness and virtue, and how they align with modern scientific findings on well-being. She is joined by Professor Tamar Gendler, an expert on philosophy and cognitive science, to delve into Aristotle's concepts of eudaimonia (spiritual flourishing) and phronesis (practical wisdom). Aristotle's eudaimonia is presented not as fleeting pleasure but as a lasting state of being virtuous and taking pleasure in virtue, which contrasts with the more hedonistic pleasures that many modern-day individuals chase after.

Dr. Santos and Professor Gendler discuss the idea that eudaimonia is not innate but rather developed through practice and habituation, akin to building a skill. They emphasize Aristotle's notion that virtues are the mean between two extremes, such as bravery being the balance between cowardice and recklessness. Aristotle's ethical framework, outlined in his work 'Nicomachean Ethics', is highlighted for its focus on moral living as a pathway to happiness, which modern science supports, showing that moral actions and connections with others contribute to our well-being.

The episode also delves into Aristotle's views on friendship, dedicating two entire chapters of 'Nicomachean Ethics' to it. Aristotle categorized friendships into three types: those based on utility, pleasure, and the highest form, those based on mutual appreciation of each other's virtues. The latter, which he considered the most fulfilling, contributes to personal growth and happiness. Dr. Santos shares that this aligns with scientific evidence that social support is crucial in forming and maintaining virtuous habits.